Course 10

International Law Protects Struggles for Liberation and Emancipation

19 November 2025

Course Description

This course examines how international law has been utilized to support peoples’ struggles for liberation from colonial domination, foreign occupation, and systemic repression. The course explores how international instruments guarantee the collective right to self-determination, including resistance to unlawful occupation, political participation, and the pursuit of representative governance. 

Faculty address the legal foundations of self-determination, the historical and ongoing use of international law in anti-colonial movements, and the evolving jurisprudence about resistance to oppression. The course also features in-depth analyses of Palestinian, South African, and Algerian liberation struggles, including their engagement with UN bodies, human rights mechanisms, and regional institutions. These discussions highlight both the possibilities and the limitations of international law as a tool for collective emancipation.

Course Content

  • Foundations of the Right to Self-Determination in International Law
  • Anti-Colonial Liberation Movements and Early UN Resolutions on Decolonization
  • Contemporary Repression of Solidarity Movements in North America and Europe
  • Palestinian Self-Determination & Unlawful Occupation
  • South Africa’s Struggle Against Apartheid & the Development of Anti-Apartheid Norms
  • The Algerian Revolution and Legal Debates on Resistance to Colonial Rule
  • Limits and Possibilities of International Law in Ongoing Struggles for Liberation

Faculty

Raji Sourani

Renowned International Human Rights Expert

Bill Bowring

Professor of Law at Birkbeck College, University of London, UN expert consultant

Max Boqwana

CEO of the Thabo Mbeki Foundation, South Africa

Myriam Bouazdi

Legal expert in international criminal, human rights and humanitarian law; served with NGOs and UN international tribunals

Marjorie Cohn

Moderator, Dean of the People's Academy of International Law

Supplemental Materials

Foundation

Courtesy of Professor Bill Bowring: Timeline of the concept of self-determination from Karl Marx to present day, including relevant ICJ rulings.

Courtesy of Professor Bill Bowring: Synthesis of resolutions, statements, and the First Protocol to the Geneva Conventions recognizing the legitimacy of the right to resistance by all means consistent with the principles of the UN Charter.
1961 book by psychiatrist and philosopher Frantz Fanon on the dehumanizing effects of colonization on both societal and individual levels.

Palestinian Struggle for Liberation

The Palestinian People have the right to resistance by all
means available at their disposal; legal analysis of the Palestinian right to resistance.

UN Security Council resolution, endorsing the U.S.’s “Comprehensive Plan” to “deradicalize” and “rebuild” Gaza in exchange for partial withdrawal of Israel.

Legal analysis of the Security Council’s endorsement of the “Board of Peace” and “International Stabilization
Force” in Gaza as a form of occupation, colonization, and an affront to self-determination, contravening international law.

History of Palestine dating back to the 1917 British mandate.

The Colonial Order Prevails in Palestine: The Right to Self-Determination from a Third World Approach to International Law
by Tina Al-khersan, Azadeh Shahshahani in the Yale Journal of International Law

South African Struggle for Liberation

1960 Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples (drafted in response to liberation movements including that of South Africa)

1977 resolution establishing arms embargo against Apartheid South Africa

Foundation aimed to promote and support the advancement of peace, democracy and prosperity in Africa and beyond.

Algerian Struggle for Liberation

1966 film free on YouTube. Subtitles available in English, Spanish, and French.

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